Journal of Fisheries and Marine was published by the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine of the Universitas Riau in 2007. The scope of the research included: Aquaculture, fisheries socioeconomic, fisheries technology, management of aquatic resources, utilization of fisheries and marine resources
Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau
Evaluation of the Fire-Free Village Program on Forest and Land Fires in Pelalawan Regency (Case Study: Segati Village)
Forest and land fires pose a serious threat to Pelalawan Regency, undermining environmental sustainability and community well-being. The Fire-Free Village (FFV) program serves as a preventive initiative that promotes active community participation and institutional collaboration. This study aims to analyze internal and external factors influencing the effectiveness of the FFV program and to formulate strategies for strengthening its implementation and adaptability to local conditions. A mixed-methods approach combined with SWOT analysis was employed, focusing on five program-supported villages. The findings indicate that strengths such as strong community participation and government policy support serve as key assets. At the same time, weaknesses and threats include limited resources and the persistent culture of land burning. Optimization strategies include enhancing human resource capacity, developing alternative economic activities, improving early-detection technologies, and promoting education grounded in local cultural values. These findings contribute significantly to the development of more effective and sustainable forest and land fire prevention strategies in Pelalawan Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Hazalin Sinaga, Ridwan Manda Putra, Muhammad Syafii, Budijono Budijono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Type and Abundance of Phytoplankton in Lubuk Larangan Area, Sungai Paku Village, Kampar District, Riau
This study aims to determine the types and abundances of phytoplankton species in Lubuk Larangan, Desa Sungai Paku. This research was conducted in May-June 2024 in Lubuk Larangan, Sungai Paku Village, Kampar Kiri District, Kampar Regency. The method used was the survey method, and data analysis was conducted using statistical tests. Phytoplankton species found in Lubuk Larangan, Sungai Paku Village, were 33 species belonging to 5 classes: Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Diatome, Euglenophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae. The abundance of phytoplankton species ranged from 7.080 to 16.800 cells/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was at station II (16.800 cells/L), and the lowest was at station I (7.080,8 cells/L). Diversity index values ranged from 3.2883 to 3.7419, uniformity index 0.90 to 0.95, and dominance index 0.08 to 0.11. The high abundance of phytoplankton species obtained in the lubuk larangan (Station II) compared to the area outside the lubuk larangan (Stations I and III) indicates a difference type and abundance of phytoplankton with the results of the T test obtained a significant value of 0.028 (p < 0.05) and the value of T count is 3.374 and the value of T table is 2.77645 where T count is greater than T table
Copyright (c) 2026 Rama Wahyudi, Muhammad Fauzi, Eko Purwanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tissue Structure of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Fed on Cosmos caudatus-Enriched Pellets and Reared in Saline Media
Cosmos caudatus is known as an herb that may improve fish health in general. However, the effects of this herb provision on the fish tissue structure have never been studied. To determine any changes in fish tissue provided with C. caudatus-enriched pellets, a study was conducted in June - August 2024. A CRD with 4 treatments: T0 (control), T1 (10 g/kg), T2 (15 g/kg), and T3 (20 g/kg), and 3 replications per treatment was applied. Commercial fish feed pellets were mixed with C. caudatus powder, and this feed was given to the experimental fish 3 times/day, at satiation. The fish was reared in saline media (5 ppt) for 60 days. By the end of the experiment, the tissue was removed and processed for histological study (formalin-fixed, alcohol series processed, 5mm sliced, HE-stained). Results showed that the provision of C. caudatus-enriched pellets does not affect the tissue structure of the fish in general, as the tissue structure was almost normal. However, abnormalities were observed in several fish, including the control fish, including hyperplasia and hemorrhage in the gills, glomerular damage and hemorrhage in kidney tissue, and hepatocyte damage in the liver. As the control fish that were not fed C. caudatus showed abnormalities in their tissues, it is predicted that the provision of C. caudatus may not cause the damage; instead, it may be related to other factors, such as water salinity. T1 (10 g/kg feed) had the highest survival rate at 96.66%. Based on the data provided, it can be concluded that the provision of C. caudatus-enriched pellets does not negatively affect the fish's tissue structure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Difa Syafwali, Windarti Windarti, Efawani Efawani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphometric, Meristic, and Species Identification of Nemacheilus spp in the Sibam River, Pekanbaru, Riau
A type of fish suspected to have morphological characteristics similar to Nemacheilus spp was found in the Sibam River. However, the species has not yet been identified with certainty. This study aims to identify the types of Nemacheilus spp in the Sibam River based on morphometric and meristic characteristics. This study was conducted from September to November 2024. Sampling was conducted six times in the upper reaches of the Sibam River at two-week intervals. The fish samples obtained were then measured for their morphometric characteristics and counted for their meristic characteristics, followed by species identification based on relevant literature. The results showed that 38 Nemacheilus spp were caught, comprising 18 males and 20 females. Morphologically, male fish tended to have more contrasting and brighter body colors than females, which were relatively paler. Among the 24 morphometric characters observed, four characters showed differences between male and female fish, namely the head height (HH) of male fish was relatively shorter than females, the body height (BH) of female fish was higher than males, the distance from the dorsal fin to the caudal fin (DFCF) of males is longer than that of females, and the eye diameter (ED) of males is smaller than that of females. The meristic characteristics of male and female fish show similarities, with fin formulas D.II 6-8, P 9-12, V 6-7, A 4-5, and C 13-16.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uneng Rhahma Sari, Windarti Windarti, Ridwan Manda Putra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of Black Cumin Oil (Nigella sativa) in Aquaculture: A Review of the Potential for Growth and Immunity Enhancement
Black cumin oil (Nigella sativa) is a natural ingredient that contains various bioactive compounds, including thymoquinone, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects. In the field of aquaculture, the use of black cumin oil as a feed supplement is being developed due to its potential in improve the growth performance and immune system of farmed fish. This article aims to systematically review research on the application of black cumin oil in aquaculture, focusing on improving fish growth rate and immune response. Based on a literature review, it was found that N. sativa supplementation in oil form in various fish species, such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Anabas testudineus, was able to improve growth, feed conversion ratio, as well as immunological parameters such as phagocytic activity, immunoglobulin levels, and resistance to infection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagus Susilo, Fittrie Meyllianawaty Pratiwy, Iskandar Iskandar, Rafidah Othman, Roffi Grandiosa Herman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antibacterial Activity Test of Citrus jambhiri L to inhibit the Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila
Jungga acid (Citrus jambhiri L.) contains compounds such as limonene, flavonoids, and essential oils that have potential as natural antibacterial agents. This study was conducted from September 2024 to June 2025 at the Parasite and Fish Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of jungga lime against Aeromonas hydrophila and to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). The methods used were experimental, employing the disk diffusion technique (Kirby-Bauer) to measure the clear zone and dilution methods (turbidity test and total plate count) to determine the MIC. The treatments consisted of jungga lime concentrations ranging from 100% to 1%, with a positive control using the antibiotic Oxytetracycline. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that Jungga lime could inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila at concentrations ranging from 100% to 1%, with clear zone diameters of 13.93 mm to 6.56 mm. The best MIC value for inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila was 0.6% (285 CFU/mL). It can be concluded that Jungga lime has potential as a natural antibacterial agent for controlling diseases in farmed fish
Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhwanul Khairy, Henni Syawal, Morina Riauwaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antibacterial Activity Test of Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya L.) on the Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause systemic disease and mass death. The disease caused by A. hydrophila bacteria is MAS (Motile Aeromonas Septicemia). One alternative treatment for A. hydrophila infection in fish is papaya seed extract (Carica papaya L.). This research was conducted from June 2024 to June 2025 at the Laboratory of Parasites and Fish Diseases, Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition zone of papaya seed extract, as seen from the inhibition zone formed in inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila, and also to determine the best MIC dose that can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila. As well as to get a safe dose by conducting LD50 tests of papaya seed extract within 24 hours against common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with immersion techniques. The research method used was the experimental method, using the Kirby-Bauer disc method and a 6 mm diameter blank disk, with 3 repetitions per treatment. The results of the research indicate that papaya seed extract can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila bacteria at concentrations of 100% - 1%, with an average inhibition zone diameter of 9, 86-6.2 mm. The MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) of papaya seed extract inhibits the growth of A. hydrophila at 3.5%, with an average bacterial colony count of 280 CFU/mL. The LD50 value of papaya seed extract against common carp with the immersion technique for 24 hours is at a concentration of 3.73%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lukman Basir, Morina Riauwaty, Henni Syawal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Chlorophyll a and Total Phosphorus (Total-P) in Perupuk Lake, Perhentian Raja Sub-District, Kampar, Riau
The province of Riau has many freshwater bodies that play a very important role in the lives of the surrounding communities. This study aims to determine the relationship between chlorophyll a and Total-P (Total Phosphorus) concentrations, and to evaluate the trophic status of Lake Perupuk in Perhentian Raja District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This study was conducted from October to December 2024 at three stations: Station 1 (estuary, without settlements), Station 2 (main lake area with fish cages), and Station 3 (estuary with settlements and agricultural activities). Sampling was carried out five times at one-week intervals at the surface and at a depth of 2 Secchi. The parameters measured included chlorophyll a, Total-P, temperature, transparency (Secchi depth), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrate. The results showed that chlorophyll a concentration ranged from 11.04 to 14.14 µg/L, with the highest value at Station 2 (14.14 µg/L) and the lowest at Station 1 (11.04 µg/L). Total-P concentrations ranged from 0.0168 to 0.0338 mg/L, following the same pattern: highest at Station 3 (0.0338 mg/L) and lowest at Station 1 (0.0168 mg/L). Simple regression analysis showed an insignificant relationship between Total-P and chlorophyll-a (R² = 0.0266–0.0774), indicating that, in mesotrophic waters, other factors, such as light and nitrogen availability, also affect chlorophyll-a concentrations. Based on chlorophyll a and Total-P concentrations, Lake Perupuk is categorized as a mesotrophic water body, with supporting parameters within the optimal range for aquatic organisms
Copyright (c) 2026 Andika Ramadhani, Asmika H. Simarmata, Budijono Budijono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Rabal Probiotic Supplementation at Different Doses on the Growth and Survival of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) using a Recirculation System
Striped catfish is a consumable fish with a good selling price and is a leading export commodity in Indonesia. Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) often experience slow growth due to several factors that affect metabolic efficiency and nutrient intake. This study aims to determine the optimal dose of rabal probiotics to improve the growth and survival of catfish using a recirculation system. This study was conducted from April to June 2025 for 50 days at the Aquaculture Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD), using four treatments (P1 = control, P2 = Rabal probiotic 30 ml/100g feed, P3 = Rabal probiotic 35 ml/100g feed, P4 = Rabal probiotic 40 ml/100g feed) and three replicates. The results showed that administering Rabal probiotics at different doses affected the growth and survival of P. hypophthalmus in including average weight and length growth, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, and survival. The best treatment was found in treatment P4 (40 ml/100 g feed), which showed significant growth (P<0.05), namely absolute length of 3.72 cm, absolute weight of 6.74 g, specific growth rate of 2.08%, FCR value of 1.43, feed efficiency of 69.93%, and survival rate of 85%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Citra Taulani, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Iskandar Putra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structure of the Mangrove Community in the Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis
ngroves are coastal ecosystems that play a very important ecological and economic role. This study aims to analyze mangrove species, density, and importance index. The method used was a survey method with the determination of research stations using purposive sampling, where the research location was divided into 3 stations based on criteria, namely station 1 mangrove forest located in Damai Village with relatively good mangrove conditions, station 2 mangrove forest located in Rukun Village which is a mangrove ecotourism area, and Station 3, a mangrove forest located in Murni Village, which is adjacent to a residential area. The results of water quality parameter measurements in Pangkalan Jambi Village showed salinity values of 19-22, pH values of 5.4-6.5, and temperatures of 29-30 ℃. Based on the study, five mangrove species were found in the mangrove forest area of Pangkalan Jambi Village: Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum, Nypa fruticans, Avicennia marina, and Talipariti. tiliaceum. The density in the tree category at station I had the highest density, 1566.66 ind/ha, while the lowest was at station II, 300 ind/ha. In the seedling category, the highest density was found at station I with a density value of 4800 ind/ha, while the lowest density was found at station II with a density value of 3466.67 ind/ha. In the seedling category, the highest density was found at station I with a density value of 7500 ind/ha, while the lowest density was found at station II with a density value of 5000 ind/ha. Based on the average Importance Value Index calculation, the highest INP value was R. apiculata at 249.295%, and the lowest was S. alba at 178.588%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asraf Octaviari, Syafruddin Nasution, Feliatra Feliatra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Coastal Abrasion Rate and Sediment Fractions at Tiram Beach, West Sumatra
Tiram Beach, located in Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, is one of the coastal areas under environmental pressure from coastal abrasion. Abrasion leads to shoreline retreat and negative impacts on local socio-economic activities. This study aims to analyze the rate of coastal abrasion and sediment fractions at Tiram Beach over 20 years (2003–2023), and to identify the dominant sediment characteristics in the area. The research methods included analysis of Landsat satellite imagery (2003, 2013, and 2023). Results show that Tiram Beach has undergone consistent shoreline retreat, with abrasion rates ranging from 2.2 to 3.1 meters per year. The sediment is predominantly composed of coarse sand and gravel, classified as poorly sorted, with skewness values indicating a dominance of coarse particles in certain zones. Contributing factors to abrasion include high-energy waves from the Indian Ocean, strong coastal currents, and human activities such as tourism and coastal infrastructure development. In conclusion, coastal abrasion at Tiram Beach is significant and poses a threat to the sustainability of the coastal zone if left unmanaged. Mitigation measures such as the construction of coastal protection structures, rehabilitation of coastal vegetation, and integrated coastal spatial planning are recommended to reduce future impacts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fauzan Azmi, Rifardi Rifardi, Ilham Ilahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Types and Abundance of Phytoplankton in the Genting River Estuary, Tanjung Medang Village, North Rupat District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau
The waters of North Rupat are an area with various anthropogenic activities, including tourism, industry, transportation, and activities of local communities who work as farmers, ranchers, traders, and fishermen, which may cause water pollution. The estuaries in this area have mangrove ecosystems, seagrass beds, and open waters that support the life of aquatic organisms. Phytoplankton, as primary producers, play an important role in the food chain and can serve as biological indicators of water quality and fertility. This study aims to determine the types and abundance of phytoplankton in the Genting River Estuary, Tanjung Medang Village. The study was conducted in September 2024 using a survey method to obtain primary data in the form of phytoplankton samples and water quality parameters. Samples were taken three times at weekly intervals, then identified and counted for abundance. The results showed that there were 43 types of phytoplankton consisting of Bacillariophyceae (23 types), Chlorophyceae (7 types), Cyanophyceae (8 types), Dinophyceae (1 type), Euglenophyceae (1 type), and Zygnematophyceae (3 types). The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 6,280 to 7,560 cells/L, indicating low water fertility. Water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, nitrate, and phosphate) still support phytoplankton survival. Thus, it can be concluded that the waters of the Genting River Estuary exhibit a fairly high phytoplankton diversity but are classified as low in fertility
Copyright (c) 2026 Sampson Anjuando Sitorus, Eddiwan Eddiwan, Isma Mulyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Species and Density of Starfish (Asteroidea) in Seagrass Ecosystems at Pengudang Village, Bintan Regency, Kepulauan Riau
Sea stars, members of the Echinodermata phylum, are closely associated with seagrass beds and play a role in the food chain. High seagrass cover supports a variety of biota, including sea stars. This study aims to determine the types and density of starfish (Asteroidea) in the seagrass ecosystem of Pengudang Village, Bintan Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province. This research was conducted in September 2024 in Pengudang Village, Bintan Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province. Starfish sampling and observation were conducted at three station points, with each station having three transect lines. Each transect contained ten observation plots measuring 1×1 m. Two species of starfish were found during the study in Pengudang village: Archaster typicus (73 individuals) and Protoreaster nodosus (14 individuals). The density of starfish found during research in Pengudang Village ranged from 700 to 13,700 individuals per hectare. Water quality conditions during the study were classified as good for supporting starfish life, with temperatures ranging from 29.7 to 31.3°C, current speeds from 0.055 to 0.076 m/s, salinity from 29.9 to 31.6 ppt, and dissolved oxygen from 6.82 to 7.66 mg/L.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Adnin Firmansyah Simanjuntak, Adriman Adriman, Muhammad Fauzi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Potential of Various Types of Decomposers on the Effectiveness of Palm Oil Fruit Bunch (EFB) Composting and a Study of Socio-Economic Conditions in the Village of Lubuk Ogung
Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are the main solid waste product of the palm oil industry and have great potential to be processed into high-value organic fertilizer. However, the natural decomposition process is very slow. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of several types of decomposers (EM-4, Eco-enzyme, M-21, and MSG-3) in accelerating the TKKS composting process and to identify the socio-economic conditions and perceptions of the Lubuk Ogung Village community regarding community-based waste management. The method used was a mixed-methods design, with a completely randomized design (CRD) and three replicates for technical analysis and in-depth interviews for social aspects. The parameters observed included the C/N ratio, organic C, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The results showed that Eco-enzyme and M-21 were the most effective decomposers, producing final C/N ratios of 16.44 and 17.25, respectively, which meet the SNI 7763:2024 standard. Socially, the community showed a positive perception of TKKS composting, though they still faced obstacles in technical knowledge, market access, and program sustainability. These findings indicate that the application of decomposer technology, particularly Eco-enzyme, has the potential to strengthen waste management and promote community empowerment through circular economy practices at the village level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Utami, Rahman Karnila, Deviona Deviona (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hematology of Osphronemus gouramy Fed with Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) and Maggot (Hermetia illucens) Enriched Pellets
Osphronemus gouramy is a widely cultivated fish because it has economic value in the community and is high in protein. The addition of turmeric powder and maggot flour can increase the nutritional value of gurami fish feed. The study was conducted from January to May 2025 at the Parasite and Fish Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Riau. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding turmeric powder (Curcuma domestica Val) and maggot meal (Hermetia illucens) to the feed on the hematology of O. gouramy infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design with one factor and five treatments, namely Kn (feeding without the addition of maggot meal and turmeric powder without infection with A. hydrophila), Kp (feed without maggot meal and turmeric powder, infected with A. hydrophila), P1, P2, and P3 (feed with 0.9 g/kg turmeric powder and 20, 30, and 40 g/kg maggot meal, then infected with A. hydrophila). Feeding was carried out three times a day to satiation. On day 32, the fish were infected with A. hydrophilla at a density of 108 CFU/mL, 0.1 ml. The results showed that feed containing 0.9 g/kg turmeric powder and 30 g/kg maggot meal resulted in a total erythrocyte count of 1.91×106 cells/mm, hematocrit of 38%, hemoglobin 9.06 g/dL, total leukocytes 11.15x10⁴ cells/mm³, phagocytosis activity 25.66%, absolute weight gain 11.71 g/fish, specific length 5.74 cm, and survival rate 80%. Water quality during the study was as follows: temperature ranging from 27.6-29°C, pH 6.51-7.61, and DO 4.6-5.9 mg/L. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the addition of turmeric and maggots to pellets can increase the growth and immunity of O. gouramy infected with A. hydrophila
Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Nainggolan, Morina Riauwaty, Henni Syawal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Immersion of Striped Catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) in Red Dragon Fruit Peel Solution (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on Gill and Kidney Histopathology
Red dragon fruit peel is a natural material with antibacterial potential against fish diseases. This study was conducted from July 2024 to June 2025 at the Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Riau. The aim was to determine the histopathology of gills and kidneys in striped catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) immersed in red dragon fruit peel extract and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications: Kn (negative control), Kp (positive control, challenged with A. hydrophila), P1 (1 mL/L), P2 (1.5 mL/L), and P3 (2 mL/L). Immersion was applied three times at the beginning of rearing, followed by 46 days of culture. A challenge test was carried out on day 32, and gill and kidney samples were collected on days 30 and 14 post-challenge. Results showed that fish challenged with A. hydrophila exhibited gill damage, including hypertrophy, lamellar curvature, telangiectasis, and epithelial lifting, as well as kidney damage, including necrosis, hemorrhage, and cell degeneration. The best result was observed in treatment P2 (1.5 mL/L), which effectively reduced tissue damage and improved the histological structure of gills and kidneys in striped catfish
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Taufik, Henni Syawal, Morina Riauwaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Physiological and Biochemical Responses in the Blood of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) to the Addition of Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya L.) to Feed
Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) is a group of catfish that has become one of the leading freshwater commodities. This gives striped catfish (P. hypopthalmus) a fairly good market potential. A frequent constraint in fish farming is the risk of disease outbreaks. One factor contributing to the failure of fish farming and resulting in significant mortality is disease. One pathogenic bacterium responsible for disease is Aeromonas hydrophila, which is often found in freshwater and causes 80-100% of fish mortality in a short period. The method used is an experimental method employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, 5 treatment levels, and 3 replications. The treatments used in this study refer to. The study on the addition of papaya seed extract (Carica papaya L.) to the feed found that it affects the physiological and biochemical responses of striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus). The best feeding dosage with the addition of papaya seed extract of 3.0 mL/kg of feed results in glucose levels of 70.33 mg/dL, calcium 12.53 mg/dL, magnesium 2.73 mg/dL, phosphorus 8.66 mg/dL, lysozyme activity 275 units/mL, absolute weight gain 14.92g, absolute length gains 5.25cm, and survival rate reaching 93.33%. The researcher recommends conducting further studies on the addition of papaya seed extract at a dosage of 3.0 mL/kg of feed to improve growth in different test fish and advises against using papaya seed extract in high doses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dimas Gasliani Akbar, Henni Syawal, Morina Riauwaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Palm Kernel Cake Thickness as a Culture Medium on the Growth and Production of Maggots (Hermetia illucens)
Hermetia illucens larvae, commonly known as Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots, are rich in protein and fat, making them an excellent alternative feed for fish. Utilizing them as a fish feed source and as a bio-machine for waste processing requires cultivating maggots. This study was conducted for 30 days, from February 6 to March 6, 2024, at the Fish Seed Center (BBI) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates, namely, P1 = palm kernel meal thickness (5 cm), P2 = 7 cm, P3 = 9 cm, P4 = 11 cm, and P5 = 13 cm. The study's results showed the best results in treatment P5, with a weight gain of 0.252 g, a length gain of 1.83 cm, a daily growth rate of 0.00351%, and an average production of 967 g. The best culture medium content test results were obtained from P5, with water content of 29.74%, protein of 36.60%, fat of 4.31%, carbohydrates of 1.31%, and crude fiber of 2.13%. The environmental parameters during the study were a temperature range of 35.7 to 41.2 °C, a humidity range of 70-96%, and a pH range of 6.3-6.5.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eldy Marnanda Putra Keliat, Agusnimar Agusnimar, Febry Ferdiyanto Purba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Protease Enzyme and Citric Acid Addition on the Organoleptic Properties of Catfish Head Milk
This study evaluated the effects of combining protease enzyme dosages (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) with citric acid levels (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) on the organoleptic quality of catfish head milk, including color, aroma, taste, homogenization/clarity, and panelist acceptance. The product was formulated through enzymatic hydrolysis under controlled pH conditions and subsequently assessed using a sensory scoring scale. The results showed that the treatments significantly affected color (F = 4.13; p < 0.05), homogenization (F = 2.39; p < 0.05), and overall hedonic preference (F = 3.03; p < 0.05), but had no significant effects on aroma (F = 1.62; p > 0.05) or taste (F = 1.39; p > 0.05). Specifically, the best color was obtained at 0.5% protease and 0.5% citric acid (A1B3), while the highest homogenization occurred at 0.5% protease and 0.1% citric acid (A1B1). In terms of overall liking, the highest score was recorded at 1.5% protease and 0.5% citric acid (A3B3), followed by 0.5% protease and 0.3% citric acid (A1B2). However, when considering the balance among all attributes (color, aroma, taste, and homogenization), the combination of low protease with low to moderate citric acid levels (0.5% protease; 0.1–0.3% citric acid) provided the most stable performance, producing a relatively bright color, more acceptable flavor and aroma, and better physical stability. Overall, the enzymatic hydrolysis approach with moderate pH adjustment proved effective at enhancing sensory acceptance and offers a promising method for transforming low-value fish by-products into consumer-preferred functional food products
Copyright (c) 2026 Welly Deglas, Fransiska Fransiska, Maria Krisna Evania (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimisation of the Use of Cultivation System Technology to Increase Tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) Production in Intensive Cultivation in the Era of Modernisation
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the main commodities in freshwater aquaculture because it is highly adaptable and easy to breed. In intensive aquaculture systems, production success is highly dependent on fish growth, which is closely related to feed availability and water quality. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of modern aquaculture technologies, namely the biofloc system, aquaponics, and the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), in supporting the success of tilapia aquaculture. The research was conducted in August 2025 at the Freshwater Aquaculture Center of the Sibolga College of Fisheries, North Sumatra. The research method used a completely randomised design with four treatments and three replicates. The results showed that the aquaponics technology (P3) produced the highest absolute weight growth (9.97±0.02 g), specific growth rate (4.26±0.00%/day), and absolute length (1.77±0.06 cm), followed by RAS (P2), control (P0), and biofloc (P1). The survival rate across all treatments ranged from 95.33% to 97.33%, indicating Tilapia's good adaptability to various farming systems. Water quality parameters were within optimal ranges: 29-30°C, pH 6.1-7.6, dissolved oxygen 4.5-5.0 mg/L, and ammonia 0.0001-0.0005 mg/L. The aquaponic system showed the most stable water quality with the lowest ammonia concentration (0.0001-0.0003 mg/L). This study demonstrates that aquaponic technology provides the best treatment for modernised intensive tilapia farming
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancement of Fish Immunity and Survival Rate Through Dietary Supplementation with Sargassum sp. Powder
Pathogenic bacterial infections in intensive aquaculture systems are among the primary causes of high fish mortality, underscoring the need for safe, sustainable natural antibacterial alternatives. Sargassum sp. is known to contain bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial and immunostimulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Sargassum sp. powder on the immune response and survival rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor and five treatments: negative control (Kn), positive control (Kp), and dietary treatments P1 (15 g/kg feed), P2 (30 g/kg feed), and P3 (45 g/kg feed). Observed parameters included hematological profiles (erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocrit) and survival rate during 30 days of rearing. The results showed that dietary supplementation with Sargassum sp. powder significantly improved hematological parameters in Nile tilapia compared with the control groups. The highest values were observed in P1, with total erythrocytes (1.66 × 10⁶ cells/mm³), hemoglobin (8.73%), hematocrit (31.3%), and leukocrit (1.67%). The highest survival rate was also recorded in P1 and Kp (100%). Therefore, the inclusion of Sargassum sp. powder at 15–30 g/kg feed is recommended as the optimal dosage to enhance the immunity and survival rate of Nile tilapia
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Wahyuni, Asri Mursawal, Anisa Mardhatila, Ronal Kurniawan, Ervia Yudiati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential and Utilization Rate of Indian Scad (Decapterus russelli) Landed at UPTD Fishery Port Region I, Carocok Tarusan, West Sumatra Province
The utilization of Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) in Carocok Tarusan has made an important contribution to fishing activities, but data on the potential and rate of utilization are limited. The research aims to determine the potential and level of utilization of indian scad (Decapterus russelli) landed at UPTD Fishery Port Region I, Carocok Tarusan, West Sumatra Province. The research was conducted in December 2024 using secondary data from the institution on catch and fishing efforts for 2019-2023. Methods used are Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) and surplus production models of Schaefer and Fox to estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and optimum fishing effort (f-optimum). According to the analysis results, the Fox model is the most suitable model to describe the stock status and management of indian scad in this region. MSY was estimated at 234,653.74 kg/year with an optimum effort of 1,902 trips/year. Total allowable Catch (TAC) was 187,722.99 kg/year. The average utilization rate was 97%, which shows that the Indian scad stock is fully exploited. Meanwhile, the average level of effort at 110% showing that fishing effort exceeds the optimum level, meaning that more careful management is needed to ensure the sustainability of the stock
Copyright (c) 2025 Vify Ukhwatul, Arthur Brown, Jonny Zain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Feasibility Analysis of Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Fishing Business in Pasir Limau Kapas District, Rokan Hilir Regency
Pasir Limau Kapas District is a coastal area in Rokan Hilir Regency, known for its unique character as a center for traditional fishing. Crab production in this District in 2018 was recorded at 486 tons, then increased to 512 tons in 2019, and 527 tons in 2020. In 2021, there was a slight decrease to 498 tons due to extreme weather that affected fishing strength, but it increased again to 538 tons in 2022. This study was conducted in February 2025 at Pasir Limau Kapas District, Rokan Hilir Regency, aiming to calculate the investment, total costs, income, and profits, and to analyze the financial feasibility of the crab fishing business. The method used in this study was a survey method with a total of 35 crab fishermen as respondents. The study results indicated that the average investment spent by fishermen was IDR 17,430,722.69. Total costs are IDR 92,105,356.14/year, revenue is IDR 104,996,571.43/year, and profit is IDR 12,891,215.29/year. The chopped crab fishing business demonstrates good economic feasibility. With an R/C Ratio of 1.14, this business generates revenues greater than the costs incurred. The return on investment (ROI) of 14% indicates that this business provides moderate profits compared to the total costs incurred. The payback period (PPC) of 1.35 years, or approximately 1 year and 4 months, is relatively fast, allowing fishermen to recover their initial investment relatively quickly. Although it does not generate significant profits, this business can be a sustainable source of livelihood for fishermen because it meets the required business feasibility parameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 M Zulhami, Hazmi Arief, Clara Yolandika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Association of Aquatic Plants and Fish in Lake Bokuok, Aursati Village, Tambang Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau
Lake Bokuok is an oxbow lake located in Aursati Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. This lake has undergone changes due to human activities, affecting the existence of aquatic organisms, including plants and fish. This study aims to determine the relationship between aquatic plants and fish in Lake Bokuok. Data collection was carried out in February-March 2025 using a survey method. Aquatic plant samples were collected once for species identification and four times for density calculations, while fish samples were collected four times for fish count calculations. The study results showed differences in aquatic plant density and total fish numbers across the three stations. Among the three stations, four aquatic plant species and four fish species were identified. Station III had the highest aquatic plant density and relative density (57.32 Ind/m²), which also correlated with the highest fish count (59 individuals). Conversely, Station II had the lowest aquatic plant density (25.08 Ind/m²) and the fewest fish (33 individuals). Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between aquatic plant density and fish abundance, though the relationship was not statistically significant. Water quality in the lake is still considered suitable for supporting aquatic organisms. This study provides an initial overview of the role of aquatic plants in supporting fish life in natural lakes. These results are significant as a basis for water management and the development of sustainable conservation policies to maintain the ecological balance of Lake Bokuok
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizky Fauzi Afael, Eddiwan Eddiwan, Isma Mulyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Habitat and Density of Crab (Parathelpusha pardus) in the Tanduk River, Rumbio Village, Kampar District, Riau
Freshwater crabs have a life cycle entirely in freshwater and play an essential role in the food chain as both omnivores and detritivores. Some freshwater crabs can only be found in clean water, so they can also be used as bioindicators of water quality. This study aims to determine the habitat and density of crabs in the Tanduk River in Rumbio Village and to investigate the relationship between environmental parameters and the density of P. pardus crabs in this area, Kampar District. The study was conducted from March to April 2024 in Rumbio Village, Kampar District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The methods used were surveys and literature reviews. The survey method involved direct field visits to the study site. Sampling was conducted three times over a three-week period. The literature review involved collecting secondary data from previous studies and data obtained from local government offices. Primary data consisted of field data, including crab samples that were collected and identified, as well as water quality data. The study found that the density of P. pardus crabs in the Tanduk River in Rumbio Village was 10 individuals at Station 1, 16 individuals at Station 2, and 29 individuals at Station 3. Various factors, including environmental conditions like vegetation and food availability, influenced this. The habitat characteristics supporting the survival of P. pardus crabs based on water quality measurements in Rumbio Village during the study were temperature 27–28°C, turbidity 12–50 cm, pH 7.5–8.5, dissolved oxygen 5.7–7.2 mg/L, free CO₂ 5–17 mg/L, and phosphate 0.0730–0.1327 mg/L.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhdi Azhar, Nur El Fajri, Muhammad Fauzi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structure of Mangrove Vegetation Community in the Tidal Area of Siak River, Riau
Global warming is one of the natural phenomena that impacts the flow of the Siak River. Among the impacts are sea level rise and seawater intrusion. These changes also affect the distribution of flora and fauna from the sea into the River. This study aims to determine the structure of mangrove vegetation communities and water quality conditions found in the tidal area of the Siak River. This research was conducted in October 2024. The research location consists of 4 stations, each station was placed in 3 plots following the flow of the River, with a distance of 100 m between each plot. Each plot has a size of 10 x 10 m. This research was conducted using the survey method. The study identified six mangrove species, consisting of 2 true mangroves and four associated mangroves. The density of mangrove vegetation in the research location is categorized as good, with the highest number of 1933.33 ind/ha at stations I and II, and the lowest at 1633.33 ind/ha at station IV. The results of the critical value index indicate that Sonneratia caseolaris plays a vital role in all research stations, with the highest percentage of 252.90% at station II and the lowest 230.20% at station I. The results of the ANOVA test analysis of density between stations showed a significant value. 0.148, which states that there is no significant difference between the four stations. Water quality measurements showed a temperature value of 28-30 °C; salinity 0 ppt, and pH 5.4-6. Sediment types at all stations were dominated by mud. The highest average organic matter was in station I, at 11.90%, while the lowest was in station II, at 6.83%. The value of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) at the study site ranged from 0.0153 to 0.1640 mg/L. Station II was dominated by muddy sand, and station III was dominated by sand with a total sediment organic matter content of 0.46-23.33%. The nitrate content found ranged from 0.0146-0.0583 mg/l, and the phosphate ranged from 0.0465-0.0996 mg/L. The linear regression test results for mangrove density with TSS, organic matter, and nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) content showed a weak relationship
Copyright (c) 2025 Masyhuda Hasan, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, Aras Mulyadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Types and Abundance of Microplastics in Lokan (Geloina erosa) in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Kedabu Rapat Village, Meranti Islands
One of the current problems for coastal areas is the high level of plastic waste. This waste degrades into microplastic particles, which can threaten the life of marine biota, including the lokan (G. erosa). Lokan (G. erosa) is used as a bioindicator to study the type and content of microplastics in the mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in microplastic abundance between stations and microplastic content between sea turtle sizes, as well as the relationship between shell length and meat weight with microplastic content. This study was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025 in Kedabu Village, Meranti Islands Regency, which directly borders the Malacca Strait. The survey method was used, purposive sampling at three stations: the conservation mangrove area, the mangrove area near the fishing port, and the mangrove area near the settlement. Sea turtles were taken during low tide, each one using a machete. Individual per station. The study results showed that three types of microplastics were found in the lokan (G. erosa): fiber, film, and fragments, with an average of 32.73 particles per individual. There was a significant difference in microplastic content between small and large sea turtles, but microplastic abundance between stations did not differ significantly. The highest microplastic abundance was found at Station 1 (11,331 particles/g). Shell length and meat weight showed a moderate positive relationship with microplastic content
Copyright (c) 2025 Dinda Maharani Putri, Irvina Nurrachmi, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential and Utilization Rate of Anchovy (Stolephorus sp) Landed at UPTD Fishery Port Region I, Carocok Tarusan, West Sumatra Province
Open-access fishery resources encourage fishing competition that can cause stock decreases and overfishing; therefore, bioeconomic management based on sustainability potential and utilization rate assessments is needed to maintain sustainability. This research aims to determine anchovies' potential and utilization rate (Stolephorus sp) at the UPTD Fishery Port Region I, Carocok Tarusan, West Sumatra Province. The research was conducted in December 2024 using secondary data in the form of annual catch and fishing effort for 2016-2023, obtained from relevant institutions. The methods used were the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) and surplus production models of Schaefer and Fox. Based on the results of the analysis, the Schaefer surplus production model was the most appropriate model for analyzing the potential of anchovies at the Carocok Tarusan Fishing Port. This model estimates MSY at 445,211.65 kg/year with an optimum effort of 6,547 trips/year. JTB is estimated at 356,169.32 kg/year. During the research period, the average utilization rate of anchovies reached 54%, showing that fish stocks were in a moderate state. This means anchovy resources have not been overexploited and can still be utilized optimally. The exploitation rate of 33% indicates that there are still opportunities to increase fishing efforts while continuing to apply the principles of sustainable management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arthur Brown, Vify Ukhwatul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Density and Distribution of Gastropods in Mangrove Forests of Concong Dalam Village, Indragiri Hilir, Riau Province
Gastropods are mangrove organisms that act as bioindicators in mangrove ecosystems. Mangroves are called productive areas because they are rich in organic matter, which is a source of food and shelter for various biota, such as molluscs and other organisms. Human-induced pressure will cause damage to the mangrove ecosystem. The destruction of the mangrove ecosystem will affect the life of all biota that live in it, including gastropods. This study aims to determine the density and distribution pattern of gastropods in the mangrove area of Concong Dalam Village. This research was carried out in August-September 2024 in Concong Dalam Village. The method used in this study is the survey method. The data obtained is then calculated and analyzed. The results of the study show that there are 11 species of gastropods, nine genera, and six families, including Potamididae (3 types), Neritidae (2 types), Littorinidae (2 types), Ellobidae (1 type), Melogenidae (1 type), and Muricidae (1 type). The six types of mangroves found in this study are Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrica, Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba, and Nypa fruticans. The density value of gastropods obtained in Concong Dalam Village ranges from 2.67 – 11.39 ind/m2. The distribution pattern found in Concong Dalam Village is uniform, with an id value of 0.31-0.44. The density of mangroves in Concong Dalam Village ranges from 600 to 1967 p/ha, with the damage criteria being very good
Copyright (c) 2025 Adriman Adriman, Muhammad Fauzi, Glori Miracle (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Existing Condition of Lubuk Larangan Management as a Form of Local Wisdom in Padang Sawah Village, Kampar Kiri Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province
Lubuk Larangan is a local wisdom initiative aimed at preserving fish resources and aquatic ecosystems. Natural resource and environmental management based on local wisdom, such as the Practices in Lubuk Larangan, Padang Sawah Village. This study aims to determine the current conditions of the Subayang River in Padang Sawah Village. This research was conducted in May–June 2024 in Padang Sawah Village, Kampar Kiri Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The research method was a descriptive survey approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and physical-chemical parameter measurements. The materials and tools used were based on the parameters measured, namely physical-chemical and questionnaires. The results showed that Lubuk Larangan in Padang Sawah Village is still managed according to customary law by the ninik mamak. The community of Padang Sawah Village strongly supports the existence of Lubuk Larangan and wants to be more actively involved in its preservation. Lubuk Larangan in Padang Sawah Village has a very high level of community awareness, with a respondent participation index of 0.98. The water quality measurements obtained were a temperature of 29-30°C, brightness of 55-72 cm, depth of 1.7-2.2 m, current speed of 0.66-0.67 m/s, pH of 6.93-7.25, and dissolved oxygen of 3.40-4.10 mg/L. The management of Lubuk Larangan in Padang Sawah Village is supported by water quality that is still natural
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosalina Tumanggor, Eni Sumiarsih, Eko Prianto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0