The Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences publishes scientific articles from research by lecturers and other researchers in the marine sector. It covers aspects of biology, physics, and chemistry for brackish waters (mangrove swamps, river estuaries) and marine waters (coastal and offshore seas).
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Riau
The Relationship between Sediment Grain Size and Bivalve Abundance in Nirwana Beach Waters, Padang City, West Sumatra
Bivalves are benthic organisms that act as bioindicators of ecosystem balance. One of the main factors affecting bivalve abundance is sediment condition. Nirvana Beach is both a tourist area and a harbor for traditional fishing boats. These activities have the potential to change sediment characteristics, which in turn can affect habitat stability, nutrient availability, and various biological processes that support bivalve life. This study aims to determine sediment grain size, bivalve abundance, and the relationship between the two. Sediment and bivalve sampling were conducted using a purposive sampling method at three observation stations. Results showed two main sediment types, gravel and sand gravel, with gravel dominating at all stations. Sediment size was classified as granule and very coarse sand, with mean size values ranging from -2.66 to -1. Bivalve abundance was highest at station II (4.6 ind/m²) and lowest at station I (3.2 ind/m²). Regression analysis showed a very strong relationship between sediment grain size and bivalve abundance. This confirms that sediment characteristics play a role in determining bivalve abundance at Nirvana Beach
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Amanda, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Ilham Ilahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytoplankton Abundance in the Coastal Waters of Apar Village, Pariaman City, West Sumatra
Apar Village, located in Pariaman City, is home to a mangrove forest ecosystem that plays a crucial role in maintaining water quality and providing natural spawning grounds for various marine organisms. Phytoplankton serve as important bioindicators of aquatic environmental conditions because they are primary producers and major contributors of oxygen in aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to identify the composition and abundance of phytoplankton and their relationship with nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrate and phosphate. The research employed a survey method with direct field sampling for primary data and a literature review for secondary data. The results revealed 22 phytoplankton species from four main classes, with Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) being the most dominant, comprising 17 species. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 361.11 to 479.17 individuals per litre, while nitrate and phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.058 to 0.085 mg/L and 0.047–0.072 mg/L, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that nitrate and phosphate accounted for 21% of the variation in phytoplankton abundance. In comparison, the remaining 79% was influenced by other environmental factors yet to be studied, such as temperature, salinity, and light penetration. Based on the abundance and nutrient concentration data, the waters of Apar Village are categorized as having low fertility, with indications of phosphate enrichment likely resulting from anthropogenic activities. This study recommends further research incorporating additional water quality parameters and encourages active community participation in preserving the balance of coastal ecosystems
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusti Marton Ferlanda, Afrizal Tanjung, Joko Samiaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Types and Abundance of Beach Debris in Fish Eyes Bay, Batam, Riau Islands
The study was conducted in May 2025 at Teluk Fish Eyes Beach, Batam, Riau Islands, to determine the types and differences in waste abundance. This study used a survey method with sampling locations divided into 3 stations consisting of 2 plots, consisting of the upper intertidal zone and the lower intertidal zone. Station 1 is located in a coastal tourist area that is frequently visited by local tourists. Station 2 is located at the ship port. Station 3 is in a residential area. The results showed that plastic waste dominated, with the highest abundance reaching 1.39 units/m² (59%) at Station 3. The lowest abundance was textile waste, with an abundance of 0.06 units/m² with a percentage of 3% at station 3. Overall, the upper intertidal zone had a higher average waste abundance than the lower zone. The results of the one-way Anova indicated a significant difference in waste abundance between stations (p = 0.011 < 0.05). Further LSD tests revealed significant differences among Stations 1, 2, and 3, except between Stations 2 and 3, which showed no significant difference. Meanwhile, the independent t-test produced a sig value (2-tailed) of 0.214 (0.214> 0.05), indicating no significant difference between the upper and lower zones. Differences in waste abundance are influenced by different activities at each station, resulting in different amounts of waste at each location.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardi Cristopel Nababan, Bintal Amin, Dessy Yoswaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Pb, Cu and Zn Metal Content in Sediments and Blood Cockles (Anadara granosa) in the Waters of Bangko Rokan Hilir
Bangko waters are located in Bangko Rokan Hilir District, drained by the Rokan River and bordering the Malacca Strait, influenced by various coastal activities that have the potential to provide input of pollutants, such as heavy metals and accumulate in the bodies of biota. This condition can also threaten the ecosystem and the lives of aquatic biota, as Bangko waters are known as the centre of shellfish production in Riau Province. This study aims to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn in sediments and blood cockles, and to analyze the relationships between metal concentrations and levels of metal pollution in Bangko waters. Sediment and blood cockle sampling was conducted in the waters of Bangko, where people collect cockles for consumption or trade. The results showed that the highest metal content in sediment was Cu (6.208µg/g), while in blood cockles, the highest metal content was Zn (12.407µg/g). As the metal content of the sediment increases, the metal content of the blood cockles also increases. The I-geo value of Bangko waters falls into the category of unpolluted to moderately polluted. In contrast, the MPI value shows that the metal content in Bangko waters is still classified as a low level of pollution when compared to studies that have the same characteristics
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarah Sijabat, Bintal Amin, Syahril Nedi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between Total Suspended Solid and Chlorophyll-a in Coastal Waters of Sepahat Beach, Bandar Laksamana Bengkalis
TSS and chlorophyll-a are important indicators of water quality and fertility. Increased TSS inhibits light and photosynthesis of phytoplankton, thus reducing primary productivity. The research was conducted in February-April 2025, in the seawaters of Sepahat Beach, Bandar Laksmana District, Bengkalis Regency, to analyze and understand the relationship between TSS and Chlorophyll-a content, and to provide information about the fertility of waters in the study area. The method used in this research is a survey with a purposive sampling technique, targeting objects along the coast and 10 observation points. At each sampling point, 2 times water sampling is carried out, namely on the surface of 0-3 m and the middle of 3-6 m. The results showed the TSS content and the content of Chlorophyll-a in the Sepahat Beach sea area. The results showed TSS content and chlorophyll-a content with an average of 99.3 mg/L and 0.5236 on the 0-3 m surface. TSS content and chlorophyll-a content with an average of 69.2 mg/L and 0.3974 at 3-6 m. The weak relationship between TSS and chlorophyll-a, with a correlation coefficient value of 0.318 on the surface 0-3 m, has no significant effect <0.4 and a moderate relationship between TSS and chlorophyll-a with a correlation coefficient value of 0.592 at 3-6 m depth
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Ryan Fatiha Putra, Rifardi Rifardi, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community Structure of Epiphytic Diatoms on Seagrass Leaves Thalassia hemprichii in Cindakir Beach Kabung Bay, West Sumatra
Indonesia is known for its high natural resource diversity, both on land and in its waters. This research aims to determine the types and abundance of epiphytic diatoms on Thalassia hemprichii seagrass leaves at each station, analyze differences in abundance between stations, and analyze the diversity, dominance, and uniformity indices of epiphytic diatom species on Thalassia hemprichii seagrass leaves in the waters of Cindakir Beach, Kabung Bay, West Sumatra. This research was conducted in March 2025 in the waters of Cindakir Beach, Kabung Bay, West Sumatra, and the identification and analysis of epiphytic diatoms were carried out at the Marine Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The method used was a survey. Based on the research results, the abundance of epiphytic diatoms ranged from 1,287- 6,648 ind/cm², the diversity index (H’) ranged from 0.9254 -2.2010 (moderate category), the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.2364 - 0.6566, with the dominant species at Station I, and the species evenness index (E) ranged from 0.5845 - 0.9855, indicating that the species evenness of diatoms in the waters of Cindakir Beach is relatively stable. The identification identified 14 epiphytic diatom species: Nitzschia sp., Cymbella sp., Cocconeis sp., Flagilaria sp., Meridion sp., Licmophora sp., Gyrosigma sp., Navicula sp., Pleurosigma sp., Pinnularia sp., Synedra sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Surirella sp., and Amphora sp. The most frequently found species with the highest abundance were Rhizosolenia sp. and Nitzschia sp
Copyright (c) 2026 Windy Lasma Sari Purba, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, Sofyan Husein Siregar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Abundance and Diversity of Mushroom Coral of the Fungiidae Family in the Waters of Pagang Island, West Sumatra
Mushroom corals (Fungiidae) are one of the families of hard corals (scleractinians) that live free from substrates (free-living), and most mushroom coral habitats are found on reef slopes with fractured coral substrates. The objective of this study was to analyze the abundance and diversity of mushroom corals and to determine differences in abundance across stations. The study was conducted in March 2025 in the waters around Pagang Island, West Sumatra. The study employed survey and belt transect methods. The sampling locations were divided into three stations, each consisting of three sampling points. Station I was located in a coral reef area near the ship traffic between the island and the mainland, Station II was located in a coral reef area near a recreational area, and Station III was located in a coral reef area free from human activity. The results showed that the highest abundance was found at Station III, with 1,416.64 ind/Ha, and the lowest abundance was found at Station II, with 333.32 ind/Ha. The ANOVA test yielded a p-value of 0.023 (< 0.05), indicating that the abundance of mushroom corals differed significantly among stations. The diversity index ranged from 1.039 to 1.823, indicating that the diversity of mushroom corals in the waters around Pagang Island is moderate
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Hafis Habci Amran, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Thamrin Thamrin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Detergent Content and Diatom Abundance in the Waters of Pakning Village, Bukit Batu Subdistrict, Bengkalis Regency, Riau
Water pollution from domestic waste, particularly detergents, is a serious problem that can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and the lives of phytoplankton, such as diatoms. Diatoms are biological bioindicators sensitive to changes in water quality. This study was conducted in April 2025 in the waters of Pakning Asal Village, Bukit Batu Subdistrict, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The objectives of this study were to analyse detergent content, assess diatom abundance, and determine the relationship between the two. Samples were collected at three stations representing residential, mangrove, and industrial areas. Detergent content was analysed using the MBAS method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while diatom identification and abundance analysis were conducted microscopically in the laboratory. The results showed that the highest detergent content was found at Station I (2.8676 mg/L) and the lowest at Station III (0.5152 mg/L). The highest diatom abundance was found at Station III (390.625 ind/L) and the lowest at Station I (248.2 ind/L). Rhizosolenia sp. was the dominant species found at all stations. Regression analysis showed a weak negative relationship between detergent content and diatom abundance (r = 0.342; R² = 0.117), indicating that detergent is not the main factor influencing diatom abundance. In conclusion, although detergents contribute to diatom community variation, other environmental factors such as nutrients, salinity, and light intensity also play significant roles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhafidha Ramadhani, Syahril Nedi, Sofyan Husein Siregar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Total Suspended Solids and Total Organic Matter and Phytoplankton Abundance in the Waters of Bayur Bay, Padang City, West Sumatra
Phytoplankton, as primary producers in water, play an important role as food for various marine organisms. Primary. Primary producers are one of the factors that determine a body's fertility level. TSS contributes to turbidity by limiting light penetration for photosynthesis and visibility in waters. Organic material in marine waters is material derived from living organisms or the result of decomposition, such as food debris, organic waste, and microorganisms. Organic matter at certain levels is a pollutant that pollutes waters. This research aims to examine the total concentration of suspended solids, total organic matter, and abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of Teluk Bayur, Padang City, West Sumatra. Sampling was carried out in April 2025 through a survey method to determine research stations by purposive sampling. To see the relationship of total suspended solids and total organic matter to phytoplankton abundance, a multiple linear regression test was performed. The total concentration of suspended solids ranges from 10.6 to 15.67 mg/L. The total concentration of organic matter ranges from 27.808 - 33.917mg/L. There are 10 species of phytoplankton from the class Bacillariophyceae. Phytoplankton abundance ranges from 15,383.60 – 19,184.25 ind/L. The results of the linear regression test showed that the coefficient of determination for total suspended solids and total organic matter accounted for 55.88% of the variation in phytoplankton abundance. The relationship between total suspended solids, total organic matter, and phytoplankton abundance was 0.607, indicating a strong relationship (0.51-0.75).
Copyright (c) 2026 Tanta Haganta Tarigan, Syahril Nedi, Irwan Effendi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Inundation Area as the Impact of Sea Level Rise in Padang City, West Sumatera
Coastal areas have a high potential for natural resources, but the intensity of their utilization often leads to physical environmental changes. One of the significant impacts is land subsidence and sea level rise, which trigger tidal flooding (rob floods). This study aims to determine the rate of sea level rise from 2014 to 2023 using tidal data analysis and to predict inundation areas for 2033, 2043, and 2053. This study was carried out in July 2024 in the coastal region of Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The research method is a survey, with a remote sensing approach and direct field observation (ground checks) to verify the accuracy of the spatial data. The study results indicate that Padang City exhibits a mixed tide, predominantly semidiurnal, with a Formzahl value of 0,41. The sea level is rising at a rate of 1,56 cm per year. The value was applied to predict sea level rise for 2033, 2043, and 2053, resulting in estimated increases of 0,156 m, 0,312 m, and 0.468 m, respectively. Subsequently, the projected sea level heights were analyzed to determine the extent of inundated areas for each respective year, and the results show that the inundated areas would reach 150,81 hectares, 161,51 hectares, and 172,37 hectares. This trend suggests that, as time progresses, the extent of areas affected by tidal flooding (rob) will continue to expand, potentially disrupting economic activities, damaging infrastructure, and impacting the social fabric of coastal communities
Copyright (c) 2026 Vikri Ibnu Permana, Rifardi Rifardi, Ilham Ilahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between Coral Reefs and the Abundance of Reef Fish of the Pomacentridae Family in the Waters of Setan Island, West Sumatra
Coral reefs play a role in maintaining marine biodiversity by providing habitat for various aquatic organisms, including reef fish from the Pomacentridae family. This study aims to analyze the relationship between coral reef cover and the Abundance of Pomacentridae reef fish in the waters of Setan Island, West Sumatra. The underwater photo transect (UPT) method is employed for coral cover analysis, while the underwater visual census (UVC) method is utilized for collecting fish abundance data. The results showed that the average percentage value of coral reef cover at a depth of 3 m was 20.38%, and at a depth of 6 m, it was 17.51%, indicating a poor category for the percentage value of coral reef cover. Data collection was conducted at four different stations. The highest coral cover was recorded at Station I (31.35%), while the lowest was at Station IV (0.33%). The Abundance of Pomacentridae reef fish varied between stations, with the highest Abundance observed in areas with higher coral cover. Based on simple linear regression analysis, the percentage of live coral cover accounts for 56.19% of the variation in the abundance value of Pomacentridae coral fish (R² = 0.5619), with a strong correlation (r = 0.7496). This indicates that declining coral reef conditions can harm fish populations. This finding underscores the significance of coral reef conservation efforts in maintaining marine biodiversity and ecosystem balance
Copyright (c) 2025 Rangga Wardana, Thamrin Thamrin, Rifardi Rifardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Storage Temperature on the Product Quality of Several Pro Coffee Variants That Contain (Bacillus cereus SN7)
This study aims to analyze the effect of storage temperature on microbial growth in several pro coffee variants and to investigate the impact of storage temperature on the quality of pro coffee containing B. cereus SN7. The coffee variants used were original, latte, original jelly, and latte jelly at temperatures of 10, 25, and 37°C for 7 days of storage. Microbial growth was observed using the total plate count method, while the pro coffee quality was analysed using the organoleptic test. The results showed that low storage temperatures can inhibit microbial growth and maintain the quality of pro coffee. The lowest total number of microbes was found in the original variant with a storage temperature of 10°C, with a value of 0.11 × 103 CFU/mL, and the highest total number of microbes was found in the latte jelly variant with a storage temperature of 25°C, with a value of 3.476 × 103 CFU/mL. In the organoleptic test, the highest value was found in the latte variant coffee at a storage temperature of 10°C, categorized as 'very like', with a value of 35% for taste, 30% for aroma, and 30% for colour. The effect of temperature on the product quality of several probiotic coffee variants containing B. cereus SN7 showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in microbial growth and the quality value of the probiotic coffee. Statistical analysis showed the effect of temperature on the product quality of several pro coffee variants containing B. cereus SN7.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fhito Al Farisy, Feli Feliatra, Ummi Mardhiah Batubara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential Carbon Stock and Absorption in Mangroves in Penempul Village, Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City, Riau Province
Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂, and can be controlled through carbon sequestration by vegetation, including mangrove forests. The study was conducted in January and February 2025 in the mangrove area of Penempul Village, Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City, Riau Province, to determine the density in relation to biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption, as well as to investigate the relationship between density and biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption. The method used in this study was a survey method with a purposive sampling technique, which involved measuring the diameter of mangrove tree trunks at chest height (DBH). Mangrove biomass calculations were performed using allometric equations, and biomass was converted into carbon stock and CO₂ absorption. The study results indicated the presence of 11 mangrove species, with average estimated biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption values of 521.84 tons/ha, 245.25 tons/ha, and 899.35 tons/ha, respectively. The ANOVA results showed significant differences (p > 0.05) between the three stations regarding biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption. Mangrove density had a weak correlation with biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption, with a correlation coefficient of 0.299.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabina Dwi Yuhanda, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, Afrizal Tanjung (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Avicennia alba from the Western Coast of Dumai City, Riau Province
Coastal ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, but are increasingly threatened by heavy metal pollution from industrial and domestic activities. The mangrove species Avicennia alba can absorb heavy metals through phytoremediation processes, making it a promising bioindicator of environmental contamination. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations and variations in the accumulation of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in A. alba roots, stems, and leaves along the western coast of Dumai City, Riau Province. Fieldwork was conducted from January to February 2025 at two sampling sites: Pangkalan Sesai Village (Station 1) and Purnama Village (Station 2). Heavy metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) following wet digestion. Environmental parameters were also measured, including temperature, salinity, and pH. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and independent t-tests. The results indicated that Pb and Cu were present in all plant parts. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the stems (7.05 µg/g), while Cu was most concentrated in the roots (5.38 µg/g). No statistically significant differences were observed among plant parts (p > 0.05); however, a significant spatial difference in Pb concentrations between the two stations was detected (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that anthropogenic activities and local water quality conditions likely Influence the observed variations. Overall, A. alba demonstrates strong potential as a bioindicator species for monitoring heavy metal contamination in coastal environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitria Mai Yona, Bintal Amin, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heavy Metal (Pb, Cu, and Zn) Content in Geloina erosa and Cerithidea obtusa from the Western Coast of Dumai, Riau Province
Industrial and shipping activities in coastal areas have the potential to increase heavy metal pollution, which can accumulate in marine organisms and impact food safety. On the west coast of Dumai, Geloina erosa and Cerithidea obtusa are widely consumed by the local community, making it important to study their heavy metal content. This study aims to analyse the levels of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the soft tissues of these two species and compare the differences between species and sampling locations. The study was conducted in February 2025 at two stations: Station 1 (Purnama) and Station 2 (Pangkalan Sesai). Samples were collected using purposive sampling and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the average Pb, Cu, and Zn content in G. erosa were 6.79 µg/g, 6.13 µg/g, and 8.36 µg/g, respectively, while in C. obtusa they were 7.09 µg/g, 6.27 µg/g, and 7.41 µg/g. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected in the Cu and Zn content in G. erosa, as well as Zn in C. obtusa, between stations. Pb and Cu were generally higher in both species at Station 2, while the highest Zn levels were found in G. erosa at Station 1 (9.12 µg/g) and C. obtusa at Station 2 (8.50 µg/g). The highest PTWI value was found in G. erosa at Station 1; however, all results remained within safe consumption limits. Therefore, both species are deemed safe for consumption, despite variations in heavy metal content between species and research locations
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Fajriani, Bintal Amin, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Coastline Changes and Water Current Circulation Patterns in Batam City, Riau Islands Province
Environmental damage is caused by coastal reclamation to advance the economic sector in Batam City. Reclamation can cause changes in the coastline of Batam City. This study aims to determine the extent of changes in the coastline that occurred in Batam City from 2003 to 2023 and to understand the pattern of ocean current circulation in Batam City before reclamation in 2003 and after reclamation in 2023. This study was conducted in January 2024. The method used for data analysis to observe changes in the coastline is the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Numerical models available in the MIKE21 software to model water circulation in estuary beaches. The study results show that land additions dominated changes in the coastline of Batam City from 2003 to 2023. The sub-district with the most significant addition was Bengkong, with an addition of 816.58 m and an addition rate of 39.79 m/year, followed by Nongsa, with an addition of 279.05 m and an accretion rate of 13.59 m/year. The flow pattern during the ebb and flow before reclamation had a maximum speed of 0.27 m/s, while after reclamation, the maximum current speed increased to 0.33 m/s. It can be concluded that the progression of the coastline primarily drove the changes in Batam City's coastline from 2003 to 2023. Meanwhile, the increasing current speed can reach 0.33 m/s
Copyright (c) 2025 Robby Nainggolan, Mubarak Mubarak, Nursyirwani Nursyirwani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Abundance and Diversity of Sea Cucumber (Holothuroidea) in Hajoran Beach, Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra
Hajoran is a beach located on the coast of Pandan District, Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra. This beach is one of the popular tourist destinations. It boasts high marine biodiversity, including a diverse array of marine organisms, which are part of the invertebrate animal group. This study was conducted in December 2024 along the Hajoran coast. The objective of this study was to determine the species, abundance, and diversity of sea cucumbers. The study also utilized supporting data, including water quality parameters that characterize the habitat conditions of sea cucumber species, such as temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total suspended solids (TSS). The study employed a survey method with sample collection using the quadrant transect method at three stations. Based on the study's results, four species were identified at the study site: Holothuria atra, H. scabra, Stichopus ananas, and S. chlorosomatus. The average abundance at all stations ranged from 9.600 to 14.000 ind/ha; the highest abundance was recorded at station III. The relative abundance values for each sea cucumber species ranged from 8 to 100%. The lowest relative diversity value was shown by the species S. chloronotus, with a value of 8% at station III. Conversely, the species H. atra exhibited the highest relative diversity value. The diversity index (H') of sea cucumbers at the research site was classified as moderate. Overall, the relatively stable and standardized water quality conditions at Hajoran Beach support the abundance and diversity of sea cucumber species
Copyright (c) 2025 Ela Nanda Bethanya, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Joko Samiaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Species Composition and Abundance of Zooplankton at Different Depths in the Waters of Teluk Makmur Subdistrict, Dumai City
Teluk Makmur in Dumai City is a coastal area experiencing ecological pressure due to human activities, such as tourism and industry. Changes in water quality in this region may affect the structure of the zooplankton community, which plays a crucial role in the food chain. This study aims to determine the species and abundance of zooplankton at various depths and stations. The research was conducted in November 2024 at Koneng Beach, Marina Beach, and Puak Beach. At each station, samples were collected at three depths (1 m, 3 m, and 5 m) using survey and purposive sampling techniques. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, DO, pH, transparency, current, nitrate, and phosphate were also measured. Identification revealed five zooplankton species from the class Hexanauplia: Acartia sp., Calanus sp., Temora turbinata, Oithona sp., and Nauplius sp. The highest abundance was recorded at a depth of 5 m (41,542 ind/l), while the lowest abundance was found at depths of 1 m and 3 m (0 ind/l). Based on stations, the highest abundance was observed at Station I (27,694.67 ind/l) and the lowest at Station II (8,308.33 ind/l). One-way ANOVA test results showed no significant difference in zooplankton abundance either between depths or between stations (p > 0.05).
Copyright (c) 2025 Merisa Debora Sinaga, Irvina Nurrachmi, Joko Samiaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Marine Ecotourism Development Potential in Lapin Beach, North Rupat, Riau Province
Lapin Beach in North Rupat, Riau Province, has excellent potential to be developed as a marine ecotourism area due to its natural beauty and local cultural richness. However, no scientific research has explored this potential in depth. This study aims to analyze the potential and formulate strategies for the sustainable development of marine ecotourism in Lapin Beach to improve the welfare of local communities. The research was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and water quality measurements. The analysis used is the coastal tourism suitability index and the SWOT approach. The results showed that Lapin Beach has strong potential for ecotourism, supported by easy access, natural panoramas, and community participation. The tourism suitability index ranged from 83.97 to 86.53%, indicating a high suitability (S1). Water quality and coastal topography support tourism activities. SWOT analysis suggested strategies including promotion, facility improvements, and community engagement in maintaining sustainability. Recommended development strategies include optimizing natural attractions, empowering local businesses, improving infrastructure, and enhancing monitoring efforts. Further studies should consist of aspects of biota, vegetation, and economic impact to support sustainable ecotourism management and enhance community well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aidil Rahmad Akbar, Joko Samiaji, Dessy Yoswaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Mangrove Forest Health in the Coastal Area of Kutawaru Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java
Mangroves are forests that grow in coastal areas and play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance, as the health of this ecosystem significantly impacts the stability of coastal areas and the survival of communities that depend on natural resources. This study aims to analyze the Mangrove Health Index (MHI) in the coastal area of Kutawaru Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The transect method was used at three research stations representing mangrove forests. The observed parameters included type identification, canopy cover, stem diameter, and density of trees and saplings. A total of 14 mangrove species were identified, with Rhizophora apiculata as the dominant species, having the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of 104.69%. The highest tree density is found at Station 3, with a value of 4,611.11 trees/Ha, and the average canopy cover is 80.8%, which is classified as very dense. The average MHI value of 73.74% shows that the condition of the mangrove ecosystem in this region is relatively good. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the formulation of sustainable mangrove management and conservation policies
Copyright (c) 2025 Rusiani Oktaria, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, Zulkifli Zulkifli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relation Macrozoobenthos with Sediment Organic Material in the Intertidal Zone in Selat Baru Beach, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province
Selat Baru Village was one of several beaches on Bengkalis Island which was located in the northern part of Bengkalis Island. Selat Baru Beach is a tourist spot that has the most visitors every day, especially during the Eid holidays. In addition, there are rivers, ports, and boat crossings also taking place on Selat Baru Beach. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of sediment organic matter, the type and abundance of macrozoobenthos, and to determine the relationship between the organic matter of sediment and the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the New Strait coastal waters. The method used was a survey method, where the data collected was primary data which was then analyzed statistically and discussed descriptively. The results of measurements of oceanographic parameters from the research location have an average temperature of 28,67 oC, and pH of 7, a salinity of 26,33 ‰, transparency of 24,33 cm, and a current velocity of 0,1 m/s. The average sediment content obtained at station 1 was 1,42%, station 2 was 0,77%, and station 3 was 7,34%. The percentage of sand fraction has the highest percentage at station 1 substation 3 (95,56%) and the lowest at station 3 substation 3 (39,78%), while the highest percentage of mud fraction was at station 3 substation 3 (54,19%) and the lowest found at station 2 substation 1 (4,15%). The macrozoobenthos found were from the Bivalvia class (Corbicula sp, Lucinidae sp, Anomia sp) and the Gastropod class (Nucella sp, Rabdotus sp, Cerithidea sp) and the Malacostraca class (Hermigrapsus sp). The average abundance of macrozoobenthos found at station 1 was 4,22 ind/m2, station 2 was 4,22 ind/m2, and station 3 was 10,67 ind/m2. The result shows the effect of the sludge sediment fraction on the abundance of macrozoobenthos has a coefficient of determination (R2) with a value of 0,9015 and a correlation coefficient (r) with a value of 0,9495 meaning that 90,15% of macrozoobenthos abundance was influenced by sediment fraction and the rest was influenced by other environmental factors
Macrozoobenthos Organic Matter Sediment Abundance Selat Baru Beach
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of the Types and Abundance of Microplastics in Telescopium telescopium in the Coastal Waters of Karimun Island, Riau Islands Province
This research was carried out in March 2020 to identify the type and abundance of microplastics and the relationship between the abundance of microplastics and the size (weight and length) of Telescopium telescopium in the coastal waters of Karimun Island, Riau Islands Province. Tanjung Balai Karimun has densely populated settlements and has many tourist attractions, so it is suspected that a large amount of plastic used is wasted into marine waters and fragmented into microplastics. The method used in this research is the survey method. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in T.telescopium ranged from 6.9 - 12 particles/individual. The types of microplastics found were fibre, film and fragments, with the dominant type being Fiber. The abundance of fibre type microplastics has a strong relationship with weight and a moderate to length relationship. The abundance of film and fragment microplastics had a weak relationship with weight and length.
Mikroplastik Pencemaran Telescopium telescopium Tanjung Balai Karimun
Level of Water Pollution Based on Organic Material Parameters and Number of Bacteria Escherechia coli in Dumai River Estuary, Dumai City
This research was conducted in March 2020 at the Dumai River Estuary, Dumai City, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the parameters of OT, BOD and TOM in the Dumai River Estuary; analyzing E. coli bacteria in the Dumai River Estuary and Determining the Level of Water Pollution Based on the Content of Organic Material Parameters and E. coli in the Dumai River Estuary. The data analysis method refers to OT (SNI 06.6989.14-2004), BOD (SNI 06-2503-2009), BOT (SNI 06-6989.22-2004) and E. coli (SNI 2897-2008). The results of measuring the parameters of organic matter content in the Dumai River Estuary, OT levels ranged from 4.1 - 4.6 mg /L, BOD5 levels ranged from 21.5 - 30.6 mg /L, the TOM content in The Dumai River Estuary ranges from 104 -165 mg /L and E. coli bacteria in the Dumai River Estuary ranges from 180 - 764 MPN /100 mL. The level of pollution at the Dumai River Estuary is based on the parameters of organic matter and E. coli content, including the criteria for light pollution.
Pollution Organic Materials Escherichia coli Dumai River Estuary
The Structure of Macrozoobenthos Community in the Intertidal Zone of Api-Api Village Waters, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis
This research aims to analyze the structure of macrozoobenthos community in the intertidal zone of Api-Api Village waters, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis regency. There were 5 subzones determined as the observation areas. Each subzone consists of 5 subplots which taken parallel to the coast with a distance of 10 meters from each subplot. The types of macrozoobenthos found consisted of 4 classes, 19 families, and 23 species. The diversity index for each subzone ranged from 2.72 to 3.55, species uniformity index ranged from 0.78-0.91 and dominance index ranged from 0.11-0.19, with the criteria of a uniform distribution pattern. The highest macrozoobenthos density was in subzone 1 with a total density of 19.6 ind/m2, while the lowest was in subzone 4 with a total density of 10.6 ind/m2. The result of statistical tests using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a confidence interval of 95% (ɑ = 0.05), showed that macrozoobenthos density in subzone 1,2,3,4 and 5 was not significant in different (P = 0.824), which means that there was no real different density that five subzones.
Community structure density intertidal zone makrozoobenthos
Biodegradability of Proteolytic Bacteria in Mangrove Ecosystems
The purpose of this study was to awareness the optimal time for the growth of proteolytic bacteria in producing the protease enzyme and determine the effectiveness of the protease enzyme from proteolytic bacteria in degrading mangrove litter. The method used was the experimental method by using two proteolytic bacteria isolates, namely Bacillus manliponensis (K6) and Bacillus toyonensis (K20). This method used one treatment for each proteolytic bacterial isolate, namely the addition of different extract containing protease enzyme (0%, 25%, and 50%) with three replications. Measurement of bacterial growth was carried out every 6 hours for 24 hours using Total Plate Count (TPC) and spectrophotometric method. B. manliponensis and B. toyonensis have enzyme activity as indicate by the presence of a clear zone on Zobell Marine Agar 2216 and skim milk 1%. The growth bacteria based on the TPC measurement was directly proportional to the spectrophotometric measurement results. The highest bacterial count was (1.39 x 108 CFU's/ml) K6 bacteria and (1.52 x 108 CFU's/ml) K20 bacteria. The results of the measurement of cell growth in the spectrophotometric method occurred at the 6th hour, namely 10.36 x 108 CFU's/ml (K6 bacteria) and 10.97 x 108 CFU's/ml (K20 bacteria). The optimum time of the protease enzyme occurred at 6 hours, which was 0.0258 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.0262 mg/ml (K20 bacteria). The highest dissolved protein content was obtained at the 50% dose of 0.054 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.055 mg/ml (K20 bacteria), while the lowest was at 0%, namely 0.050 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.051 mg/ml (K20 bacteria).
Biodegradation Growth Proteolytic Bacteria Protease Enzyme Dissolved Protein
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Dumai Marine Waters that Have Potencial as Lead Bioremediation Agents
One of the harmful pollutants to human health is the heavy metal Lead (Pb). A high concentration of lead that has can accumulate in the body of living things if in a long period of time. Lead concentrations that exceed the threshold in an environment can cause damage that affects aquatic biota and other living things. This research was carried out in February-April 2021. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria that have the potential as lead bioremediation agents from Dumai marine waters. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, and the lead concentration test at the Laboratory of Chemical Testing and Analysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. The results of the isolation on Marine Agar media which was added with Pb acetate (Pb(CH3COO2)) obtained three bacterial isolates from Dumai sea waters, namely D1, D2, and D3. The isolate that had the best growth was isolated D1. The isolate D1 was able to reduce the highest Pb concentration from 10 ppm by 80.53%, at a concentration of 20 ppm Pb, the isolate D1 was able to reduce Pb concentration by 78.8% and at a concentration of Pb 30 ppm, isolate D1 was able to reduce Pb concentration by 77.21%.
Epipelic Diatom Community Structure in the Intertidal Zone Mengkapan Waters, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency
This research was conducted in December 2020 in Mengkapan Waters, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency. The aims of this research was to analyze the composition, abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index of epipelic diatom species in the intertidal zone. The method used is a survey method and the determination of the sampling location by purposive sampling based on anthropogenic activities around the waters. The water quality measured in this study were brightness, temperature, current velocity, salinity, pH, nitrate, and phosphate. Based on the research results, there are 19 species epipelic diatoms found in Mengkapan Waters, namely Coscinodiscus sp., Navicula sp., Gyrosigma sp., Thalassiosira sp., Pleurosigma sp., Synedra sp., Pinnularia sp., Surirella sp., Nitzchia sp., Triceratium sp., Melosira sp., Skeletonema sp., Stephanodiscus sp., Oscillatoria sp., Cocconeis sp., Epithemia sp., Diadesmis sp., Cymbella sp., and Amphipleura sp. The average value of abundance ranged from 29,245.37 – 35,744.33 ind/cm2, the diversity index value ranged from 2.5909 to 2.8014, the uniformity index value ranged from 0.6736 – 0.7755, and the dominance index ranged from 0.1684 - 0.2064. Based on one-way Anova test, concluded that abundance of epipelic diatoms between each stations weren’t significant.
Epipelic Diatom Intertidal Zone Mengkapan Waters
Analysis of Indigenous Bacteria as Microplastic Degradation of Sediment in the Sea Waters of Dumai, Riau Province
Nowdays Marine pollution resulted by microplastics is a global concern. Microplastic particles have the potential to cause damage to biota. One of solution to overcome the problem of marine pollution by microplastics by applying indigenous bacteria as microplastic degradation. This study was conducted to determine the type and ability of indigenous bacteria in sediments that are able to degrade microplastics. The research was conducted from October to December 2020. Sediment sampling was conducted in Dumai Sea Waters and sample analysis was conducted at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University. Indigenous bacteria from sediments were isolated in bacterial breeding media and then tested degradation capabilities on PET plastic samples. The result of the degradation test obtained ISL8 was able to degrade the mycoplastic with a percent degradation about 7%. Molecular test of ISL8 using PCR (Polymer chain reaction) 16S rRNA method and GenBank analysis is known that ISL8 is Bacillus sp.
Microplastic sediment indigenous bacteria degradation
Analysis of Inundation area as an Impact of Sea Level Rise in Kota Pariaman District, West Sumatera Province
This research has conducted on February 2021 in Kota Pariaman District, Sumatera Barat Province. The intention of this research was to found out the sea level rise rate based on tidal data analysis from 2001-2020 and to predict the inundation area in the 20th, 50th, and 80th to go. The method of this research was a descriptive survey by using remote sensing as the additional equipment to demonstrate the outcome. The acquisition needs are primary (land use and tidal data) and secondary (slope, elevation, land use, and tidal data) data. Those parameters were processed and analyzed to describe the area of inundation by displaying a map of Kota Pariaman. Kota Pariaman territorial water has 0,44 of Formzhal number which means the waters area is classified to mixed semidiurnal tides with the sea level rise value reach out to 2,006 cm/year. Then, the number used to predict the height of sea-level rise in 20th, 50th, and 80th to go, for each is 0,471 m; 1,073 m; and 1,675m. Furthermore, the sea level rise height was analyzed to get the inundation area in 20th, 50th, and 80th to go, turns out the flooded area for each year respectively to 14,56 ha; 23,61 ha, and 38,16 ha.
Water Brightness Profile Based on Tidal Current in Dumai River Estuary, Dumai City, Riau Province
This research was conducted in August 2020 in the Dumai River Estuary, West Dumai District, Dumai City, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the brightness of the waters and its distribution in the waters of the Dumai River estuary. The research method used is a survey method with the determination of the sampling point using purposive sampling method at tide towards low tide and low tide towards the tide. The map is heavy using ArcMap 10.4 software and interpolated using IDW (Spatial Analyst) tools. The results showed the brightness at tide to low tide, which is around 23.5-129 cm with an average brightness of 84.3 cm. Brightness at at low tide to high tide is around 35-127.5 cm with an average brightness of 88.15 cm. Based on the map, the brightness of the waters of the Dumai River Estuary is low at the mouth of the estuary and high in the part that leads to the sea.
Water Brightness Distribution Dumai River Estuary